酰卤 (或酸卤) 是含氧酸的羟基被卤素取代的衍生化合物。

若酸为羧酸，则酰卤化合物含有一个–COX官能团：由羰基连接一个卤素原子组成。这类酰卤的通式为：RCOX（R可以是烷基，CO代表羰基，X代表卤素如氯原子）。酰卤可分为：酰氟、酰氯、酰溴和酰碘（不稳定）。其中酰氯为最常用之酰卤，也是常用的酰化剂，而酰碘也曾是工业生产中规模最大的一类酰卤化合物。利用酰卤制备乙酸的方法每年的产量约数十亿公斤。

磺酸的羟基可同样被卤素取代而生成相应的磺酰卤。实际应用中，通常是氯原子作为卤素取代形成磺酰氯。

An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is a chemical compound derived from an oxoacid by replacing a hydroxyl group with a halide group.

If the acid is a carboxylic acid, the compound contains a –COX functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group singly bonded to a halogen atom. The general formula for such an acyl halide can be written RCOX, where R may be, for example, an alkyl group, CO is the carbonyl group, and X represents the halide, such as chloride. Acyl chlorides are the most commonly encountered acyl halides, but acetyl iodide is the one produced (transiently) on the largest scale. Billions of kilograms are generated annually in the production of acetic acid.