担保物权（德语：Pfandrecht；法语：sureté réelle；日语：担保物権）乃为担保债权实现而在一定程度上设定的物权，与用益物权共同被称作限制物权。用益物权的目的在于物的使用价值，而担保物权最终通过将标的物出卖而获得的金钱用于实现债权。担保物权分为根据法律规定而产生的法定担保物权以及根据契约而产生的约定担保物权。在民法上所规定的留置权和优先权属于法定担保物权，而抵押权和质权属于约定担保物权。此外，随着经济活动的多样化，目前出现了让与担保，所有权保留等多种非典型担保方式。

各种担保物权的共性，有附随性，不可分性，物上代位性（留置权无）等性质。

A security deposit is a sum of money held in trust either as an initial part-payment in a purchasing process (often used to prevent the seller selling an item to someone else during an agreed period of time while the buyer verifies the suitability of the item, or arranges finance) - also known as an earnest payment, or else, in the course of a rental agreement to ensure the cost of repair in relation to any damage explicitly specified in the lease and that did in fact occur.