With both chickenpox and shingles, the most common complication is a secondary bacterial infection of the skin lesions.

不论水痘还是带状疱疹，最常见的并发症都是皮损处继发的细菌感染。

Supplemental oxygen, as well as certain medications like bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, and antibiotics to control secondary infections might also be used.

也可供氧，还有使用一些特定药物，如支气管扩张药、类固醇吸入剂，为控制感染也可使用抗生素。

And even when it's not, the site is left vulnerable to secondary infection.

即使不是，该网站也容易受到二次感染。

The health risk from bedbugs is minor: itchy bites and a small risk of allergies and secondary infections.

臭虫对健康的风险很小：叮咬发痒，过敏和继发感染的风险也很小。

While bedbugs do not spread diseases, the itching from their bites can cause a loss of sleep and secondary skin infections if people scratch them too hard.

尽管臭虫不会传播疾病，但是被臭虫咬过之处的瘙痒会导致失眠，如果人们挠得太厉害，还会导致继发性皮肤感染。

All right, as a quick recap: varicella zoster virus is a herpesviruses that causes primary infection in the lymph nodes and secondary infection in the keratinocytes and neurons in the skin.

得！快速回顾一下：水痘带状疱疹病毒主要导致淋巴结感染，和皮肤处神经与角质形成细胞的继发感染。

In 1918, doctors did not know how to treat this new flu; part of the problem was that  there were no flu vaccines to bolster immunity and no antibiotics to fight off the secondary  infections.

1918 年，医生不知道如何治疗这种新型流感；部分问题是没有流感疫苗来增强免疫力，也没有抗生素来抵抗继发感染。

Patients who suffered from the intense  symptoms of the Spanish flu could suffocate from the fluid in their lungs; if they did not,   the virus left the body vulnerable to secondary bacterial infections that caused pneumonia.

患有西班牙流感严重症状的患者可能会因肺部积液而窒息；如果他们不这样做，病毒会使身体容易受到继发性细菌感染，从而导致肺炎。