海岛棉（学名：Gossypium barbadense）为锦葵科棉属下的一个种。

Gossypium barbadense, also known as extra long staple (ELS) cotton as it generally has a staple of at least 1⅜" or longer, and also as sea island cotton, is a species of cotton plant. Varieties of ELS cotton include American Pima, Egyptian Giza, Indian Suvin, Chinese ********, Sudanese Barakat, and Russian Tonkovoloknistyi. It is a tropical, frost-sensitive perennial plant that produces yellow flowers and has black seeds. It grows as a small, bushy tree and yields cotton with unusually long, silky fibers. To grow, it requires full sun and high humidity and rainfall.