SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model)，译做共享内容对象参考模型或共享组件参照模式，由ADL (Advanced Distribution Learning Initiative)集成各个学习标准制定而成。对数字内容教材的制作、内容开发提供一套共通的规范。ADL计划的主旨是在美国联邦政府各个部门、企业、军事、教育和培训机构之间协同合作，为模块化网上教育内容和有关的工具创造业务和市场。美国政府在订定SCORM时，特别强调不再重新研发轮子（Don't reinvent the wheel）。意思是不会提出新的规格，而是把重点摆在提出集成现有E-learning规范的架构模型。SCORM的演进由SCORM 1.0、SCORM 1.1、SCORM 1.2到SCORM 2004。

Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based electronic educational technology (also called e-learning). It defines communications between client side content and a host system (called "the run-time environment"), which is commonly supported by a learning management system. SCORM also defines how content may be packaged into a transferable ZIP file called "Package Interchange Format."