假说 (英语：Hypothesis)，即指按照预先设定，对某种现象进行的解释，即根据已知的科学事实和科学原理，对所研究的自然现象及其规律性提出的推测和说明，而且数据经过详细的分类、归纳与分析，得到一个暂时性但是可以被接受的解释。任何一种科学理论在未得到实验确证之前表现为假设学说或假说。

有的假设还没有完全被科学方法所证明，也没有被任何一种科学方法所否定，但能够产生深远的影响。如1900年德国物理学家马克斯·普朗克为解决黑体辐射谱而首先提出量子论（量子假说），1913年丹麦物理学家尼尔斯·玻尔提出的玻尔原子理论大大推进了现代物理学发展进程。

A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used synonymously, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory. A working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research.