在摄影与全息摄影领域中,倒易律是指决定光敏材料的响应的两个物理量——光线强度与持续时间——之间的反比例关系。在某一底片的正常曝光范围内，倒易律指出底片的响应取决于总曝光量，即光线强度×时间。因此，在减少曝光时间但增加光线强度的情况下，底片的响应（比如显影后胶卷的光学密度）不变，反之亦然。

倒易律是大多数光敏材料研究（sensitometry）的前提条件，比如测量某一感光乳剂的H-D曲线。底片或感光组件的总曝光量是以勒克斯·秒为单位而衡量的，其定义为焦平面照度与曝光时间的乘积。

In photography reciprocity is the inverse relationship between the intensity and duration of light that determines the reaction of light-sensitive material. Within a normal exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states that the film response will be determined by the total exposure, defined as intensity × time. Therefore, the same response (for example, the optical density of the developed film) can result from reducing duration and increasing light intensity, and vice versa.