Schwarzschild criterion 史瓦西准则
Discovered by Karl Schwarzschild, the Schwarzschild criterion is a criterion in astrophysics where a stellar medium is stable against convection where

Where
is gravity and
is the heat capacity at constant pressure.
If a gas is unstable against convection then if an element is displaced upwards its buoyancy will cause it to keep rising or, if it is displaced downwards, it is denser than its surroundings and will continue to sink. Therefore, the Schwarzschild criterion dictates whether an element of a star will rise or sink if displaced by random fluctuations within the star or if the forces the element experiences will return it to its original position.