数学上，柯西-施瓦茨不等式，又称施瓦茨不等式或柯西-布尼亚科夫斯基-施瓦茨不等式，是一条很多场合都用得上的不等式；例如线性代数的矢量，数学分析的无穷级数和乘积的积分，和概率论的方差和协方差。它被认为是最重要的数学不等式之一。它有一些推广，如赫尔德不等式。

不等式以奥古斯丁·路易·柯西（Augustin Louis Cauchy），赫尔曼·阿曼杜斯·施瓦茨（Hermann Amandus Schwarz），和维克托·雅科夫列维奇·布尼亚科夫斯基（Виктор Яковлевич Буняковский）命名。

In mathematics, the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality is a useful inequality encountered in many different settings, such as linear algebra, analysis, probability theory, vector algebra and other areas. It is considered to be one of the most important inequalities in all of mathematics. It has a number of generalizations, among them Hölder's inequality.