Schultheiß

In medieval Germany, the Schultheiß (Middle High German schultheize, from Old High German sculdheizo; Latinised as scultetus or sculteus; in Switzerland: Schultheiss, also: Schultheis, Schulte or Schulze; in Italian the two offices scoltetto and sculdascio, Medieval Latin sculdasius, Polish sołtys and Romanian șoltuz) was the head of a municipality (akin to today's office of mayor), a Vogt or an executive official of the ruler.