蟹爪兰属（学名：Schlumbergera）是仙人掌科下的一个属，为附生肉质植物。该属共有6种，只分布于巴西。有别于大多数仙人掌，蟹爪兰属植物需要较潮湿的环境生长。

Schlumbergera is a small genus of cacti with six species found in the coastal mountains of south-eastern Brazil. Plants grow on trees or rocks in habitats that are generally shady with high humidity, and can be quite different in appearance from their desert-dwelling cousins. Most species of Schlumbergera have stems which resemble leaf-like pads joined one to the other and flowers which appear from areoles at the joints and tips of the stems. Two species have cylindrical stems more similar to other cacti. In Brazil, the genus is referred to as Flor de Maio (May flower), reflecting the period in which they flower in the Southern Hemisphere.