扫描隧道显微镜（英语:scanning tunneling microscope，缩写为STM），是一种利用量子理论中的隧道效应探测物质表面结构的仪器。它于1981年由格尔德·宾宁及海因里希·罗雷尔在IBM位于瑞士苏黎世的苏黎世实验室发明，两位发明者因此与恩斯特·鲁斯卡分享了1986年诺贝尔物理学奖。

它作为一种扫描探针显微术工具，扫描隧道显微镜可以让科学家观察和定位单个原子，它具有比它的同类原子力显微镜更加高的分辨率。此外扫描隧道显微镜在低温下（4K）可以利用探针尖端精确操纵原子，因此它在纳米科技既是重要的测量工具又是加工工具。

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (at IBM Zürich), the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. For an STM, good resolution is considered to be 0.1 nm lateral resolution and 0.01 nm depth resolution. With this resolution, individual atoms within materials are routinely imaged and manipulated. The STM can be used not only in ultra-high vacuum but also in air, water, and various other liquid or gas ambients, and at temperatures ranging from near zero kelvin to a few hundred degrees Celsius.