鲁塞尼亚人（俄语：Русины, Rusyny; 乌克兰语：Русини/Руські, Rusyny/Rus'ki; 白俄罗斯语：Русіны, 鲁森语: Русины，Rusyny）是称呼不同的东斯拉夫民族的一个民族名。历史上这个名字指的是生活在奥匈帝国的一个少数民族，位于现在乌克兰、波兰、斯洛伐克、罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚、克罗地亚、匈牙利和捷克等国家的领土上。鲁森人是广义的鲁塞尼亚人的一支。鲁塞尼亚人有时也用于狭义，等同于鲁森人。

Ruthenian (Cyrillic transliteration: Rusyn; German:Ruthene; Russian:Русины, Rusiny; Ukrainian:Русини/Руські, Rusyny/Rus'ki; Belarusian:Русіны, Rusin: Русины, Rusiny), an English-language exonym, is a historic name for Ukrainians.

Ukrainians were called as such, particularly in Poland, until World War II. Belarusians on the other hand were known as Litvins. Muscovites from the 16th century did not consider themselves Ruthenians and proudly referred to themselves as Muscovites, such as Ivan Fyodorov who was signing his works in Polish as Ioann Theodor Muscovite, typographer in Greek and Slavic (Polish:Ioannes Fedorowicz Moschus, typographus Græcus et Sclavonicus).