俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国（俄语：Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика，缩写为РСФСР；英语：Russian SFSR）；旧译为全俄社会主义劳农委员会联邦共和国，简称苏俄，是苏联的第一个加盟共和国。

俄罗斯联邦是苏联面积最大的一级行政区，面积占苏**面积的76%，人口约是苏联的三分之二；作为苏联的加盟共和国，其首府莫斯科也是苏联的首都。

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr.Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika  listen ) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.