实时传输控制协议（Real-time Transport Control Protocol或RTP Control Protocol或简写RTCP）是实时传输协议（RTP）的一个姐妹协议。RTCP由RFC 3550定义（取代作废的RFC 1889）。RTP 使用一个 偶数 UDP port ；而RTCP 则使用 RTP 的下一个 port，也就是一个奇数 port。

RTCP为RTP媒体流提供信道外（out-of-band）控制。RTCP本身并不传输数据，但和RTP一起协作将多媒体数据打包和发送。RTCP定期在流多媒体会话参加者之间传输控制数据。RTCP的主要功能是为RTP所提供的服务质量（Quality of Service）提供反馈。

The RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) is a sister protocol of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). Its basic functionality and packet structure is defined in RFC 3550. RTCP provides out-of-band statistics and control information for an RTP session. It partners with RTP in the delivery and packaging of multimedia data, but does not transport any media data itself. The primary function of RTCP is to provide feedback on the quality of service (QoS) in media distribution by periodically sending statistics information to participants in a streaming multimedia session.