劳斯–赫尔维茨稳定性判据（Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion）是控制理论中的一个数学测试，是线性时不变系统（LTI）稳定的充份必要条件。劳斯测试是由英国数学家爱德华·劳斯在1876年提出的快速算法，可以判断一线性系统其特征多项式的根是否都有负的实部。德国数学家阿道夫·赫维兹在1895年独立的提出将多项式的系数放到一个方阵中（此方阵称为赫维兹矩阵），证明多项式稳定若且唯若赫维兹矩阵的主要子矩阵其行列式形成的数列均为正值。二个进程是等价的，而劳斯测试提供一个有效计算赫维兹行列式的方法。满足劳斯–赫尔维茨稳定性判据的多项式称为赫尔维茨多项式。

In control system theory, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion is a mathematical test that is a necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of a linear time invariant (LTI) control system. The Routh test is an efficient recursive algorithm that English mathematician Edward John Routh proposed in 1876 to determine whether all the roots of the characteristic polynomial of a linear system have negative real parts. German mathematician Adolf Hurwitz independently proposed in 1895 to arrange the coefficients of the polynomial into a square matrix, called the Hurwitz matrix, and showed that the polynomial is stable if and only if the sequence of determinants of its principal submatrices are all positive. The two procedures are equivalent, with the Routh test providing a more efficient way to compute the Hurwitz determinants than computing them directly. A polynomial satisfying the Routh–Hurwitz criterion is called a Hurwitz polynomial.