穆瑞·牛顿·罗斯巴德（Murray Newton Rothbard，1926年3月2日－1995年1月7日）是美国犹太裔经济学家、历史学家、自然法理论家、政治理论家，是奥地利经济学派的知名学者，他的著作大量介绍路德维希·冯·米塞斯的工作，对于现代的自由意志主义和无政府资本主义理论的发展和传播有着极大贡献。

罗斯巴德认为收税就是抢劫，而政府就是一群盗贼。他称国家为“系统地抢劫和奴役大众的组织”。国家在任何社会中都是最无耻、贪婪和不择手段的人群中的当之无愧冠军。他主张政府提供的所有的服务都能被私人部门所提供的服务替代而且效率更高。而一切政府声称的为保护“公共利益”而订立的法律规定都是为了政府自己的利益。政府提供的服务效率低下，应该让私人部门来提供这些服务。

Murray Newton Rothbard (/ˈmʌri ˈrɑːθbɑːrd/; March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist of the Austrian School, a revisionist historian, and a political theorist whose writings and personal influence played a seminal role in the development of modern libertarianism. Rothbard was the founder and leading theoretician of anarcho-capitalism, a staunch advocate of historical revisionism, and a central figure in the twentieth-century American libertarian movement. He wrote over twenty books on political theory, revisionist history, economics, and other subjects. Rothbard asserted that all services provided by the "monopoly system of the corporate state" could be provided more efficiently by the private sector and wrote that the state is "the organization of robbery systematized and writ large." He called fractional reserve banking a form of fraud and opposed central banking. He categorically opposed all military, political, and economic interventionism in the affairs of other nations. According to his protégé Hans-Hermann Hoppe, "There would be no anarcho-capitalist movement to speak of without Rothbard."