轮烷（Rotaxane）是一类由一个环状分子套在一个哑铃状的线型分子上的而形成的内锁型超分子体系。如果包含多个环状分子，则成为聚轮烷。

• 轮烷作为一类新型化合物，有着巨大的应用潜能。
• 轮烷现在超分子化学和纳米化学领域有着的重要作用，在材料科学中也有着特别的应用。

A rotaxane is a mechanically interlocked molecular architecture consisting of a "dumbbell shaped molecule" which is threaded through a "macrocycle" (see graphical representation). The name is derived from the Latin for wheel (rota) and axle (axis). The two components of a rotaxane are kinetically trapped since the ends of the dumbbell (often called stoppers) are larger than the internal diameter of the ring and prevent dissociation (unthreading) of the components since this would require significant distortion of the covalent bonds.