罗马共和国

罗马共和国是古罗马在前509年到前27年之间的政体，其正式名称是「元老院与罗马人民」。也有观点主张尤利乌斯·恺撒担任终身独裁官的前44年作为共和国的结束时间。

据罗马史，罗马王政时期最后一任国王卢修斯·塔克文·苏佩布的儿子强奸了一位贵族妇女Lucretia，并造成此妇女自杀，其亲戚布鲁图斯因此起兵推翻国王。前511年罗马人驱逐了前国王卢修斯·塔克文·苏佩布，结束了罗马王政时代，创建了罗马共和国，国家由元老院，执政官，和部族会议三权分立。掌握国家实权的元老院由贵族组成。执政官由百人队会议从贵族中选举产生，行使最高行政权力。部族大会由平民和贵族构成，议会领袖称首席元老，七年为一期，一人至终身为止最多做三期，由平民大会选出。

Roman Republic 罗马共和国

The Roman Republic (Latin:Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

单词	Roman Republic
释义	Roman Republic 原声例句可汗学院公开课：艺术与历史 It was called that because in the Roman republic when there was a citizen army, the army would meet here and train. 这所以被称作战神广场，是因为在罗马共和国当有公民军队时，军队在这集结训练。超级大国的兴衰 In five zero nine BC Carthage signed a treaty with the infant Roman Republic, pledging peace and commercial cooperation. 在公元前509年，迦太基签订条约与刚成立不久的罗马共和国，请求和平与商业合作。 BBC纪录片《百件藏品话沧桑》 He was only 19, and he was suddenly catapulted into a key role in the politics of the Roman Republic. 管理罗马共和国的重任猛然落到了年仅十九岁的他肩上。经济学人 Culture In " SPQR" , a bestseller published in 2015, she explained the surprising success of the Roman republic. 在2015年出版的畅销书《SPQR》中，她解释了罗马共和国令人惊讶的成功。《金融时报》 Podcast I mean, the Roman empire replaced the Roman Republic. 我的意思是，罗马帝国取代了罗马共和国。世界史 Crash Course And in the days of the Roman Republic, they hated you. 在罗马共和国时代，他们恨你。世界史 Crash Course The Roman Republic was worth preserving, and b. 罗马共和国值得保留，b。里奇大叔带你欧洲行 In 509, they tossed out their king and established the relatively democratic Roman Republic. 509年，他们推翻了国王，建立了相对民主的罗马共和国。世界史 Crash Course One of the things that made the Roman republic endure, both in reality and in imagination was its balance. 无论是在现实中还是在想象中，让罗马共和国经久不衰的原因之一就是它的平衡。 WFD The economic strength of the early Roman Republic will be examined. 早期罗马共和国的经济实力将受到检验。 PTE-WFD The economic status of the early Roman Republic will be examined. 将考察早期罗马共和国的经济状况。 PTE_WDF 54. The economic strength of the early Roman Republic will be examined. 我们将考察罗马共和国早期的经济实力。 PTE_WDF 53. The economic status of the early Roman Republic will be examined. 我们将考察早期罗马共和国的经济状况。国富论（四） The standing army of Caesar destroyed the Roman republic. The standing army of Cromwell turned the long parliament out of doors. 凯撒的常备军摧毁了罗马共和国。克伦威尔的常备军将冗长的议会拒之门外。超级大国的兴衰 The end of the Social War exposed a fatal flaw in the Roman Republic, what happened when two legislative bodies disagreed with each other? 社会公战的结束体现了罗马共和国一个致命缺陷就是，当两个立法机构间出现冲突时怎么办? 国富论（四） The admission of the greater part of the inhabitants of Italy to the privileges of Roman citizens, completely ruined the Roman republic. 允许大部分意大利居民享受罗马公民的特权，彻底毁掉了罗马共和国。 BBC纪录片《百件藏品话沧桑》 The immense wealth of the Nile kingdom was now at his disposal. He made Egypt part of Rome-and then turned the Roman Republic into his personal empire. 尼罗河王国的巨大财富尽在他的掌握之中。他把埃及变成了罗马的一个行省，之后又把罗马共和国变为了他个人的帝国。超级大国的兴衰 In 1929 Stalin sped up the five-year plan by trying to turn agriculture into an industry, a form of Latifundium which sprang up during the Roman Republic. 1929年斯大林加速了五年计划，试图把农业国转为工业国，就像罗马共和国时出现的大庄园一样。 BBC纪录片《百件藏品话沧桑》 Augustus was the first emperor of Rome, and he created from the Roman Republic an institution that in many ways everybody has tried to imitate for the succeeding centuries. 奥古斯都是罗马的第一任皇帝。他所创建的罗马帝国成为后世君主竞相模仿的对象。 TED-Ed（视频版） In 49 B.C., Julius Caesar, Augustus's great uncle, triggered nearly 20 years of civil war when he led his army against the Roman Republic. 公元前49年，奥古斯都的叔祖父尤利乌斯·凯撒率军攻打罗马共和国，引发了近20年的内战。中文百科罗马共和国罗马共和国是古罗马在前509年到前27年之间的政体，其正式名称是「元老院与罗马人民」。也有观点主张尤利乌斯·恺撒担任终身独裁官的前44年作为共和国的结束时间。据罗马史，罗马王政时期最后一任国王卢修斯·塔克文·苏佩布的儿子强奸了一位贵族妇女Lucretia，并造成此妇女自杀，其亲戚布鲁图斯因此起兵推翻国王。前511年罗马人驱逐了前国王卢修斯·塔克文·苏佩布，结束了罗马王政时代，创建了罗马共和国，国家由元老院，执政官，和部族会议三权分立。掌握国家实权的元老院由贵族组成。执政官由百人队会议从贵族中选举产生，行使最高行政权力。部族大会由平民和贵族构成，议会领袖称首席元老，七年为一期，一人至终身为止最多做三期，由平民大会选出。英语百科 Roman Republic 罗马共和国 The Roman Republic (Latin:Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.
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