罗杰·布鲁克·托尼（Roger Brooke Taney，1777年3月17日－1864年10月12日），美国政治家，曾任美国司法部长（1831年-1833年）、美国财政部长（1833年-1834年）和**（1836年-1864年）。十五岁时即入宾夕法尼亚州狄金森学院，十八岁以成绩优等毕业。

托尼是个虔诚的罗马公教信徒，曾经无偿解放所继承的黑奴，被当世视为慈善家。但震撼美国历史的史考特诉桑福德案中，作为**的托尼却主张：「即便是自由黑人，也不是《美国宪法》中所谓之美国公民，故史考特并无权在联邦法院提起诉讼。」这个判决引起轩然大波，且使时人重新思考黑奴的存废问题，成为了南北战争的原因。

Roger Brooke Taney (/ˈtɔːni/; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. He is most remembered for delivering the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), that ruled, among other things, that African-Americans, having been considered inferior at the time the Constitution was drafted, were not part of the original community of citizens and, whether free or slave, could not be considered citizens of the United States, which created an uproar among abolitionists and the free states of the northern U.S. He is also notable as the first Roman Catholic (and first non-Protestant) appointed both to a presidential cabinet (Attorney General under Andrew Jackson) as well as to the Court.