巴尔干战争指的是1912年到1913年期间在南欧巴尔干半岛上前后发生的第一次巴尔干战争和第二次巴尔干战争。第一次巴尔干战争（1912年10月－1913年5月）的对战双方是巴尔干同盟诸国（希腊、保加利亚、黑山、塞尔维亚）与鄂图曼土耳其帝国。结果鄂图曼土耳其帝国战败，其在巴尔干半岛上的土地除伊斯坦堡附近的一小块之外，全部割让给同盟四国，同时阿尔巴尼亚独立。其后由于战后利益分配上的问题，又很快爆发了第二次巴尔干战争（1913年6月－8月），这次的交战双方分别是希腊、塞尔维亚、罗马尼亚、土耳其和保加利亚。结果保加利亚战败，签订布加勒斯特条约，保加利亚割让了大片土地。

The Balkan Wars (Turkish:Balkan Savaşları, literally "the Balkan Wars" or Balkan Faciası, meaning "the Balkan Tragedy") consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, suffered defeat in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples. The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the First World War".