The Church of England had set rigid boundaries, and his thesis was clearly a challenge to the orthodox view that humans were a separate, unique part of God's creation and that all life was divinely created and unchangeable.

英国国教早已制定了严格的条条框框，而他的论点明显是对正统观点的挑战——教会的正统观点认为人类是由上帝创造的，独立于其他生物并且是独一无二的；同时，所有生命都是上帝创造的，是神圣而且不可改变的。