艺术体操（Rhythmic gymnastics），又称韵律体操，起源于欧洲。1962年被国际体操联合会确定为比赛项目。1963年举办第一届世界艺术体操锦标赛，1984年被列为奥运会正式比赛项目。

韵律体操原来只有女子比赛项目，但现在日本、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、韩国、马来西亚、墨西哥等国家，已有男子进行韵律体操运动，称为男子艺术体操（Men's rhythmic gymnastics）。首届世界男子艺术体操锦标赛于2003年11月27日到29日召开。与女子项目不同的是，女子的艺术体操主要有：绳操、圈操、球操、棒操和带操五种；而男子的通常没有球操和棒操，但加入了棍操。但西班牙的鲁本·奥利维拉（Ruben Orihuela）却将全部女子项目同时加以男子化；其身体所展现的柔韧性不逊于任何女子艺术体操运动员。

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which individuals or groups of 5 or more manipulate one or two pieces of apparatus: clubs, hoop, ball, ribbon, rope and freehand (no apparatus). Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The victor is the participant who earns the most points, determined by a panel of judges, for leaps, balances, pirouettes (pivots), apparatus handling, and execution. The choreography must cover the entire floor and contain a balance of jumps, leaps, pivots, balances (there is a certain number depending on which level you are) and flexibility movements. Each movement involves a high degree of athletic skill. Physical abilities needed by a rhythmic gymnast include strength, power, flexibility, agility, dexterity, endurance and hand-eye coordination.