爪哇犀牛（学名：Rhinoceros sondaicus），属奇蹄目犀科，与印度犀牛是近亲。目前几近于绝种，只剩下五十至六十头左右，因为过度捕杀，目前仅在印尼的爪哇岛还有一个种群残存，其中印度亚种和越南亚种已经灭绝。爪哇犀牛在****年曾于越南的吉仙国家公园用红外线照相机拍到，当时相信至少还有大约13只的族群（为爪哇犀牛的亚种越南爪哇犀牛）；但因为越南保护措施的无力，以及偷猎者猎杀手段的不断升级，越南的爪哇犀牛已在2010年4月因为持续偷猎的猖獗最终灭绝。现在仅仅在印尼爪哇岛的乌戎库隆国家公园，还有50多头存活。爪哇犀牛不像其他犀牛会冲撞太靠近的人或动物，只要有一点风吹草动，爪哇犀牛便会逃之夭夭。

The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), also known as the Sunda rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is a very rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It belongs to the same genus as the Indian rhinoceros, and has similar mosaicked, armour-like skin, but at 3.1–3.2 m (10–10 ft) in length and 1.4–1.7 m (4.6–5.6 ft) in height, it is smaller (in fact, it is closer in size to the black rhinoceros of the genus Diceros). Its horn is usually less than 25 cm (9.8 in), smaller than those of the other rhino species. Only adult males have horns; females lack them altogether.