莱因德数学纸草书（Rhind Mathematical Papyrus），又译林德数学手卷，也称阿姆士（Ahmose）纸草书，或者大英博物馆10057和10058号纸草书，是古埃及第二中间期时代（约公元前1650年）由名为阿姆士的僧侣在纸草上抄写的一部数学著作，与莫斯科纸草书齐名，是最具代表性的古埃及数学原始文献之一。

这部纸草书总长525厘米，高33厘米，最初应该非法盗掘于底比斯的拉美西斯神庙附近。1858年为苏格兰收藏家莱因德购得，现藏大英博物馆。另有少量缺失部分1922年在纽约私人收藏中发现，现藏美国纽约布鲁克林博物馆。

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (RMP; also designated as: papyrus British Museum 10057, and pBM 10058), is the best example of Egyptian mathematics. It is named after Alexander Henry Rhind, a Scottish antiquarian, who purchased the papyrus in 1858 in Luxor, Egypt; it was apparently found during illegal excavations in or near the Ramesseum. It dates to around 1650 BC. The British Museum, where the majority of papyrus is now kept, acquired it in 1865 along with the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll, also owned by Henry Rhind; there are a few small fragments held by the Brooklyn Museum in New York and an 18 cm central section is missing. It is one of the two well-known Mathematical Papyri along with the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus. The Rhind Papyrus is larger than the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, while the latter is older than the former.