In his prescient 2002 book Smart Mobs, the critic Harold Rheingold identified new types of crowds that were able to act in concert even before they had met.

评论家哈罗德·莱茵戈尔德在他2002年出版的有先见之明的《聪明的暴民》一书中，指出了一种新型人群，他们甚至在见面之前就能联合起来。