反相色谱法（英语：Reversed-phase chromatography，RPC）包含了任何一种使用非极性固定相的色谱学方法。“反相”这个词有着其历史背景。在1970年代，大多数液相色谱是在未修饰的氧化硅或氧化铝上完成的，他们表面的化学性质是亲水性的，对于极性化合物具有更强的亲和力，因此也叫做“正相”（正常）色谱。若采用烷基链共价键合到支持表面上，则会倒换洗脱顺序。在反相色谱法中，极性化合物先被洗脱出来，而非极性化合物被保持住，因为它们亲和于反相表面。在其他色谱方法中所使用的所有数学与试验研究在反相色谱中亦适用（例如色谱分辨率与柱长成正比）。如今，反相柱色谱法在分析型液相色谱中占绝大多数比例。

Reversed-phase chromatography (also called RPC, reverse-phase chromatography, or hydrophobic chromatography) includes any chromatographic method that uses a hydrophobic stationary phase. RPC refers to liquid (rather than gas) chromatography.

The term "reversed-phase" has a historical background. In the 1970s, most liquid chromatography was performed using a solid support stationary phase (also called a "column") containing unmodified silica or alumina resins. This method is now called "normal phase chromatography". In normal phase chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophilic and therefore has a strong affinity for hydrophilic molecules in the mobile phase. Thus, the hydrophilic molecules in the mobile phase tend to bind (or "adsorb") to the column, while the hydrophobic molecules pass through the column and are eluted first. In normal phase chromatography, hydrophilic molecules can be eluted from the column by increasing the polarity of the solution in the mobile phase.