负重训练，**习惯称为重量训练，是以增加肌肉强度及体积为目标的运动训练。使用不同部位骨骼肌组织之收缩（向心收缩或离心收缩）产生之力量，抗衡重力（通常指哑铃、杠铃及其他器械之重量或阻力），使肌肉得到锻炼。针对人体不同的肌肉群组，有不同的重量训练动作。

与举重、健力及健美运动不同，重量训练并非一种独立之运动项目，而是不同运动员训练的基本元素，用以提升肌力、爆发力、肌耐力或肌肉围度，进而提升运动表现。

重量训练为一精密之运动科学，当中的不同元素包括负重量、动作质素、重复次数、组数甚至训练之间休息之时间，均会对训练的结果造成影响。

Strength training is a type of physical exercise specializing in the use of resistance to induce muscular contraction which builds the strength, anaerobic endurance, and size of skeletal muscles.

When properly performed, strength training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being, including increased bone, muscle, tendon and ligament strength and toughness, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury, increased bone density, increased metabolism, increased fitness, improved cardiac function, and improved lipoprotein lipid profiles, including elevated HDL ("good") cholesterol. Training commonly uses the technique of progressively increasing the force output of the muscle through incremental weight increases and uses a variety of exercises and types of equipment to target specific muscle groups. Strength training is primarily an anaerobic activity, although some proponents have adapted it to provide the benefits of aerobic exercise through circuit training.