波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳共和国（塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语：Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Република Босна и Херцеговина, RBiH）是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳的前身国家。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳共和国一直存在至岱顿协定签署。在波黑战争期间，塞尔维亚人、穆斯林和克罗地亚人互相展开了大规模的种族清洗，超过200万难民流离失所。直到签署岱顿协议之后，战争才得到结束。波黑目前由两个政治实体构成，分别是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维纳联邦及塞族共和国。此外，布尔奇科是有自治权的特区。

The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian:Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Република Босна и Херцеговина) was the direct legal predecessor to the modern-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina existed legally until co-signing the Annex 4 of the Dayton Agreement, containing the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 14 December 1995, but official documents reveal that the state existed up until the end of 1997 when the implementation of the Dayton Agreement was finished and only then it fully came into effect. Most of this period is taken up by the Bosnian War, in which each of the two other main ethnicities of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats) established their own entities (Republika Srpska and Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia respectively), which left the republic representative primarily of its Bosniak population. By the Washington Agreement of 1994, however, Bosniaks were joined by ethnic Bosnian Croats in support for the Republic by the formation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a sub-state joint entity. In 1995, the Dayton Peace Accords joined the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Serb entity, the Republika Srpska into the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.