Reism

Reism or concretism is a philosophical theory of Tadeusz Kotarbiński, based on the ontology of Stanislaw Lesniewski, specifically, his "calculus of names".

In ontological sense, reism was condensed by Kotarbiński to the two postulates

In semantical sense, it is a theory of language which draws a distinction between "real" names, i.e., names associated with bodies and pseudo-names, onomatoids, which denote states, relations, properties, events, etc. It further elaborates on when a sentence is meaningful, when it has a literal, direct sense or when it is meaningful or has an indirect sense.