再保险条约 （德语：Rückversicherungsvertrag，1887年6月18日） 是德国与俄国的秘密条约。1886年，保加利亚危机发生，俄国与奥匈帝国关系恶化，令三帝同盟崩溃。俾斯麦有鉴于此，借此寻求与俄国修好的机会。只要能保得住俄国支持，他才可以继续孤立法国，以保德国安全。

此条约分为两部分：

条约有效三年。作为俾斯麦系统的一部分，条约的成功非常视乎俾斯麦的声望。1890年，俾斯麦下台后，德国外交部自感无力继续推行此政策。在1890年，俄国要求续订条约，但德国多次拒绝。德皇威廉二世认为他与俄国沙皇有血缘关系，故此深信可以保持良好外交关系。俄国在巴尔干半岛的影响壮大，威胁英国在中东殖民地利益，已经令两国关系紧张；如果强求与俄国结盟，德国可能因此失去与英国结盟的机会。然而，在条约失效后，俄国只觉得遭到孤立，所以在1892年与法国结盟，令俾斯麦心中“法国突破孤立的噩梦”（Bismarck's Nightmare）成真。

The Reinsurance Treaty, (June 18, 1887), a secret agreement between Germany and Russia arranged by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck after the German-Austrian-Russian Dreikaiserbund, or League of the Three Emperors, collapsed in 1887 because of competition between Austria-Hungary (Franz Joseph I) and Russia (Alexander III) for spheres of influence in the Balkans. The treaty provided that each party would remain neutral if the other became involved in a war with a third great power and that this would not apply if Germany attacked France or if Russia attacked Austria. Bismarck showed the Russian ambassador the text of the German-Austrian alliance of 1879 to drive home the last point. Germany paid for Russian friendship by agreeing to the Russian sphere of influence in Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia (now part of southern Bulgaria) and by agreeing to support Russian action to keep the Black Sea as its own preserve. When the treaty was not renewed in 1890, a Franco-Russian alliance rapidly began to take shape.