牙菌斑是在牙齿表面逐渐沉积的生物薄膜。由食物残渣、脱落的口腔上皮细胞、唾液和细菌构成。

牙菌斑中的细菌主要是正常口腔内存在的链球菌、厌氧菌等。牙菌斑堆积到一定厚度之后，其内部紧挨牙齿表面的细菌因为与空气隔绝开始转入无氧呼吸。无氧呼吸在此处产生的酸不能及时被唾液冲走，因此会腐蚀珐琅质中的矿物成分，并进一步促进龋齿的形成。在牙根处堆积的牙菌斑也会刺激牙龈，导致牙周炎等牙周疾病。

牙菌斑对牙齿的危害随其沉积时间而增强，所以应该定期清除。牙菌斑的质地很软，可以用牙刷、牙膏来有效清除。一般每天早晚刷牙2次即可达到较好的效果。在牙齿之间等不容易刷到的地方可以使用牙线。洗牙可以进一步保证牙菌斑的彻底清除。

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth. It is a sticky colorless deposit at first, but when it forms tartar it is brown or pale yellow that is commonly found between the teeth, front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surface, along the gumline, or below the gumline cervical margins. Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque, oral biofilm, dental biofilm, dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm. While plaque is commonly associated with oral diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases (gum diseases), its formation is a normal process that cannot be prevented.