A combination of bad investment years (such as 2001 or 2008), falling discount rates, ageing populations and the political infeasibility of asking employees to contribute more has pushed a lot of DB schemes into the red in recent years.

糟糕的投资年份（例如 2001 年或 2008 年）、贴现率下降、人口老龄化以及要求员工增加贡献的政治不可行性等因素的结合，导致近年来许多 DB 计划出现亏损。