在计算机科学中，硬件随机数生成器（英语：hardware random number generator），或真随机数生成器（英语：True Random Number Generator, TRNG）是一种通过物理过程而不是计算机进程来生成随机数字的设备。这样的设备通常是基于一些能生成低等级、统计学随机的「噪声」信号的微观现象，如热力学噪声、光电效应和量子现象。这些物理过程在理论上是完全不可预测的，并且已经得到了实验的证实。硬件随机数生成器通常由换能器、放大器和模拟数字转换器组成。其中换能器用来将物理过程中的某些效果转换为电信号，放大器及其电路用来将随机扰动的振幅放大到宏观级别，而模拟数字转换器则用来将输出变成数字，通常是二进制的零和一。通过重复采样这些随机的信号，一系列的随机数得以生成。

In computing, a hardware random number generator (TRNG, True Random Number Generator) is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process, rather than a computer program. Such devices are often based on microscopic phenomena that generate low-level, statistically random "noise" signals, such as thermal noise, the photoelectric effect, involving a beam splitter, and other quantum phenomena. These processes are, in theory, completely unpredictable, and the theory's assertions of unpredictability are subject to experimental test. A hardware random number generator typically consists of a transducer to convert some aspect of the physical phenomena to an electrical signal, an amplifier and other electronic circuitry to increase the amplitude of the random fluctuations to a measurable level, and some type of analog to digital converter to convert the output into a digital number, often a simple binary digit 0 or 1. By repeatedly sampling the randomly varying signal, a series of random numbers is obtained.