罗摩衍那（梵语：रामायण，Rāmāyaṇa，意思为“罗摩的历险经历”）是印度两**诗之一、另一部是《摩诃婆罗多》。作者是诗人蚁垤，或译跋弥（Valmiki），共分为七章，24,000对对句。内容主要讲述拘萨罗国王子罗摩（Rama）和他妻子悉多（Sita）的故事。罗摩衍那和另一部更长的史诗《摩诃婆罗多》是印度文化的基础，对印度文学、宗教的发展有相当大的作用，中国文学作品中的《西游记》也受到它的影响。罗摩在印度文化中的地位甚至相当于耶稣在基督教世界文化中的地位。

罗摩衍那成书于公元前300年，第二章到第六章是原作，第一章和第七章可能是后来（不早于公元前200年）补充进去的，原作将罗摩描绘成一位理想的英雄，但后来补充的部分将罗摩说成是毗湿奴的化身，两部分的文笔也不一致。

The Ramayana (/rɑːˈmɑːjənə/; Sanskrit:रामायणम्, Rāmāyaṇam, pronounced [rɑːˈmɑːjəɳəm]) is a Sanskrit epic poem ascribed to the Hindu sage and Sanskrit poet Valmiki. It is regarded as one of the two great works of Indian literature, along with the Mahabharata. The Ramayana also plays an important role in Hindu literature (smṛti). It depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters like the ideal father, the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king. The name Ramayana is a tatpurusha compound of Rāma and ayana ("going, advancing"), translating to "Rama's Journey". The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books (kāṇḍas) and 500 cantos (sargas) and tells the story of Rama (the seventh avatar of the Hindu supreme-god Vishnu), whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, the king of Lanka (current day Sri Lanka). Incidentally the first letter of every 1000 verses (total 24) make the Gayatri mantra. Thematically, the Ramayana explores human values and the concept of dharma.