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单词 Quantile plot
释义

Quantile plot

中文百科

分位图 Q–Q plot

(重定向自Quantile plot)

在统计学中,QQ图Q代表分位数Quantile)是一种通过画出分位数来比较两个概率分布的图形方法。首先选定区间长度,点(x,y)对应于第一个分布(x轴)的分位数和第二个分布(y轴)相同的分位数。因此画出的是一条含参数的曲线,参数为区间个数。

如果被比较的两个分布比较相似,则其QQ图近似地位于y = x上。如果两个分布线性相关,则QQ图上的点近似地落在一条直线上,但并不一定是y = x这条线。QQ图同样可以用来估计一个分布的位置参数。

QQ图可以比较概率分布的形状,从图形上显示两个分布的位置,尺度和偏度等性质是否相似或不同。它可以用来比较一组数据的经验分布和理论分布是否一致。另外,QQ图也是一种比较两组数据背后的随机变量分布的非参数方法。一般来说,当比较两组样本时,QQ图是一种比直方图更加有效的方法,但是理解QQ图需要更多的背景知识。

英语百科

Q–Q plot 分位图

(重定向自Quantile plot)
A normal Q–Q plot of randomly generated, independent standard exponential data, (X ~ Exp(1)).  This Q–Q plot compares a sample of data on the vertical axis to a statistical population on the horizontal axis.  The points follow a strongly nonlinear pattern, suggesting that the data are not distributed as a standard normal (X ~ N(0,1)).  The offset between the line and the points suggests that the mean of the data is not 0.  The median of the points can be determined to be near 0.7
A normal Q–Q plot comparing randomly generated, independent standard normal data on the vertical axis to a standard normal population on the horizontal axis. The linearity of the points suggests that the data are normally distributed.
A Q–Q plot of a sample of data versus a Weibull distribution.  The deciles of the distributions are shown in red.  Three outliers are evident at the high end of the range.  Otherwise, the data fit the Weibull(1,2) model well.
A Q–Q plot comparing the distributions of standardized daily maximum temperatures at 25 stations in the US state of Ohio in March and in July.  The curved pattern suggests that the central quantiles are more closely spaced in July than in March, and that the July distribution is skewed to the left compared to the March distribution.  The data cover the period 1893–2001.

In statistics, a Q–Q plot ("Q" stands for quantile) is a probability plot, which is a graphical method for comparing two probability distributions by plotting their quantiles against each other. First, the set of intervals for the quantiles is chosen. A point (x, y) on the plot corresponds to one of the quantiles of the second distribution (y-coordinate) plotted against the same quantile of the first distribution (x-coordinate). Thus the line is a parametric curve with the parameter which is the (number of the) interval for the quantile.

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更新时间:2025/6/22 2:20:49