炔烃（英语：alkyne）是一类有机化合物，属于不饱和烃。其官能团为碳-碳三键（－C≡C－）。通式C_nH_2n-2，其中n为非1正整数。简单的炔烃化合物有乙炔(C₂H₂)，丙炔(C₃H₄)等。炔烃原来也被叫做电石气，电石气通常也被用来特指炔烃中最简单的乙炔。

炔字是新造字，，左边的火取自“碳”字，表示可以燃烧；右边的夬取自“缺”字，表示氢原子数和化合价比烯烃更加缺少，意味着炔是烷（完整）和烯（稀少）的不饱和衍生物。「炔」的读音同「缺」。

In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C_nH_2n−2. Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to C₂H₂, known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic but tend to be more reactive.