Pulmonary edema can develop in a few ways and often develops through a combination of mechanisms.

肺水肿的发展可以有好几种方式，而且往往通过多种机制的结合发展。

Within 48 hours, you could have a condition called pulmonary edema.

48小时内，你可能会出现肺水肿的症状。

Treatment for pulmonary edema typically involves giving supplemental oxygen.

肺水肿的治疗通常包括吸氧。

High altitude pulmonary edema particularly, it's a continuum of brain swelling.

尤其是高海拔地区的肺水肿，它是脑部肿胀的延续。

People do get high altitude pulmonary edema and high altitude cerebral edema here as well.

这里也会发生高原肺水肿和高原脑水肿。

See? See, his b. u. n. and creatinine are increasing. He clearly has pulmonary edema.

看到了吗？他已经 BUN了 (血液尿素氮化)。还有肌氨酸酐正在增加。很明显他有肺水肿。

Noncardiogenic causes of pulmonary edema include things like pulmonary infections, inhalation of toxic substances, and trauma to the chest.

非心源性因素包括肺内感染、吸入有毒物质和胸部创伤等。

Regardless of the cause, pulmonary edema interferes with gas exchange and results in shortness of breath.

无论病因是什么，肺水肿会干扰肺部换气，并导致气短气促。

According to my intern, Denny Duquette is in pulmonary edema, and he has been intubated and placed on multiple i. v. drips.

根据我的实习医生所说，Denny Duquette 得了肺气肿，已经对他进行了插管治疗和多处静脉注射。

If the cause is related to inflammation or low oncotic pressure, then managing that illness will help resolve the pulmonary edema.

如果病因与炎症反应或低胶体渗透压有关，那么治疗潜在疾病有助于治疗肺水肿。

Once again, blood starts to back up in the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary capillaries, ultimately leading to pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary edema.

血液又一次在左心房、肺静脉、肺毛细血管淤积，最终导致肺高压和肺水肿。

The diagnosis of pulmonary edema is usually made with a chest x-ray or chest CT scan that shows fluid in the interstitial space.

肺水肿常通过X线胸片或胸部CT显示肺间质淤血诊断。

Pulmonary edema can lead to severe shortness of breath, and in left-sided heart failure, it can lead to orthopnea which is when there's worse shortness of breath while lying flat.

肺水肿会导致气短，左心衰时可出现端坐呼吸，即平躺时呼吸更加困难。

Pulmonary edema makes gas exchange difficult because oxygen and carbon dioxide have to diffuse through a wide layer of interstitial fluid, to get from the alveoli to the pulmonary capillary and vice versa.

肺水肿导致肺换气障碍，因为氧气和二氧化碳须透过较厚的间隙液体层，从而在肺泡和肺毛细血管间交换。

But it can have longer term effects: headache, nausea, disorientation, dizziness, pulmonary edema, death.

但它可能会产生长期影响：头痛、恶心、迷失方向、头晕、肺水肿、死亡。

Regardless of the cause, low oncotic pressure leads to fluid moving from the capillary and into the interstitial space throughout the body, and in the lungs that results in pulmonary edema.

无论何种原因，低胶体渗透压导致血浆从毛细血管进入全身组织间隙，在肺中便导致肺水肿。

Alright, as a quick recap, pulmonary edema refers to fluid accumulation in the interstitial space of the lungs which can be seen on a chest Xray or chest CT scan.

好！快速回顾一下，肺水肿是指X线胸片或胸部CT可见肺组织间隙积液。

This causes generalized edema which is often seen in the legs, face and hands; pulmonary edema which can cause cough and shortness of breath; and cerebral edema which can cause headache, confusion, and seizures.

全身性水肿，主要累及下肢、面部和手部；以及肺水肿，造成咳嗽、气促；还有脑水肿，造成头痛、意识不清和癫痫发作。

Now, the underlying cause of pulmonary edema can be cardiogenic - meaning that it develops as a result of a heart disease, or can be non-cardiogenic which typically involves damage to the pulmonary capillaries or alveoli.

肺水肿的根本原因可能是心源性的，意味着这可能是心脏疾病造成的，也可能是非心源性的，与肺毛细血管或肺泡受损有关。

To understand pulmonary edema, let's first talk about the three main factors that determine how fluid moves between the capillaries and interstitial fluid, which are the hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure and capillary permeability.

为了解肺水肿，我们首先讲讲决定液体如何在毛细血管和间隙之间移动的3个主要因素：1.流体静压，2.胶体渗透压，3.毛细血管通透性。