阿尤布王朝为12世纪－13世纪统治埃及、叙利亚、也门的伊斯兰教王国。该王朝由库尔德人创建，全盛时期的版图延伸至圣城麦加与北伊拉克。由阿尤布、谢尔库赫兄弟带领的阿尤布家族原先是赞吉王朝的士兵，后来在阿尤布之子、埃及民族英雄萨拉丁带领下获得了独立地位。

萨拉丁于1169年成为埃及总督。1171年，萨拉丁在阿拉伯帝国法蒂玛王朝末代哈里发死后解散法蒂玛王朝，创建了阿尤布王朝。萨拉丁花费了接下来的十余年去东征西讨，到了1183年，王朝占有埃及、叙利亚、北部美索不达米亚、汉志、也门及西至突尼斯的北非沿岸。在1187年的哈丁战役中，又取得对耶路撒冷王国的胜利，但是不久以后十字军又重新控制了巴勒斯坦的海岸线。

The Ayyubid dynasty (Arabic:الأيوبيون‎ al-Ayyūbīyūn; Kurdish:دووگەلی ئەییووبی‎ Dûgela Eyûbiyan) was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, founded by Saladin and centered in Egypt. The dynasty ruled much of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. Saladin had been the vizier of Fatimid Egypt before he brought an end to Fatimid rule in 1171. In 1174, he proclaimed himself sultan following the death of the Ayyubids' former master, Zengid ruler Nur al-Din. The Ayyubids spent the next decade launching conquests throughout the region and by 1183, the territories under their control included Egypt, Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen, and the North African coast up to the borders of modern-day Tunisia. Most of the Kingdom of Jerusalem fell to Saladin after his victory at the Battle of Hattin in 1187. However, the Crusaders regained control of Palestine's coastline in the 1190s.