集体回忆，或集体记忆，是一种概念，最初由法国社会学家霍布瓦克（Maurice Halbwachs）在1925年首次完整地提出，以跟个人记忆区分开。

集体回忆是在一个群体里或现代社会中人们所共享、传承以及一起建构的事或物；这个讨论由阿斯曼（Jan Assmann）延续，他写下了《Das kulturelle Gedächtnis》（文化记忆），较近期的学者如保罗‧康纳顿（Paul Connerton）的著作《社会如何记忆》，把这个概念再伸延，认为人类的身体就是记忆的保留和繁衍这种集体过程所进行的地方，而皮埃尔·诺哈（Pierre Nora）研究地方与空间（lieux de memoire - 记忆的场所）在集体回忆中的角色有很大的贡献；他说：

Collective memory is the shared pool of knowledge and information in the memories of two or more members of a social group. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire collective" appeared in the second-half of the nineteenth century. The philosopher and sociologist Maurice Halbwachs analyzed and advanced the concept of the collective memory in the book La mémoire collective (1950). Collective memory can be shared, passed on, and constructed, by large and small social groups. Examples of these groups could include a government or popular culture, among others. Collective memory parallels the memory of a person who is better at recalling images than words; but also exhibits key differences and features, such as cross-cueing.