Psychological dependence

Psychological dependence is a form of dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., a state of unease or dissatisfaction, a reduced capacity to experience pleasure, or anxiety) upon cessation of drug use or engagement in certain behaviors. Physical and psychological dependence are sometimes classified as a facet or component of addiction, such as in the DSM-IV-TR; however, some drugs which produce dependence syndromes do not produce addiction, and vice versa, in humans. Addiction and psychological dependence are both mediated through psychological reinforcement, a form of operant conditioning, but are associated with different forms of reinforcement. Addiction is a compulsion for rewarding stimuli that is mediated through positive reinforcement. Psychological dependence, which is mediated through negative reinforcement, involves a desire to use a drug or perform a behavior to avoid the unpleasant withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation of exposure to it.

单词	Psychological dependence
释义	Psychological dependence 英语例句库 Objective To explore the clinical safety and efficacy of bilateral stereotactic cingulotomy against psychological dependence in heroin addicts and the possible mechanism it works. 目的探讨立体定向双侧扣带回毁损术治疗海洛因精神依赖的手术安全性和临床疗效及其可能的作用机制。原声例句心理学 Crash Course Or psychological dependence, the need to use that drug, or complete that activity in order to relieve negative emotions. 或心理依赖，需要使用该药物或完成该活动以减轻负面情绪。 Asap SCIENCE 精选 Unfortunately, these dopamine levels can take a long time to naturally replenish, contributing to physical and psychological dependence or addiction, as well as increased irritability, restlessness and paranoia. 不幸的是，这些多巴胺水平可能需要很长时间才能自然补充，导致身体和心理依赖或成瘾，更加易怒、烦躁和偏执。心理学 Crash Course We also looked at addiction, physical and psychological dependence, the relationship between trauma and addiction, and why they can require dual treatment, and we touched on post-traumatic growth with the wisdom of Frodo Baggins. 我们还研究了成瘾、身体和心理依赖、创伤和成瘾之间的关系，以及为什么它们需要双重治疗，我们还谈到了 Frodo Baggins 的创伤后成长。英语百科 Psychological dependence Psychological dependence is a form of dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., a state of unease or dissatisfaction, a reduced capacity to experience pleasure, or anxiety) upon cessation of drug use or engagement in certain behaviors. Physical and psychological dependence are sometimes classified as a facet or component of addiction, such as in the DSM-IV-TR; however, some drugs which produce dependence syndromes do not produce addiction, and vice versa, in humans. Addiction and psychological dependence are both mediated through psychological reinforcement, a form of operant conditioning, but are associated with different forms of reinforcement. Addiction is a compulsion for rewarding stimuli that is mediated through positive reinforcement. Psychological dependence, which is mediated through negative reinforcement, involves a desire to use a drug or perform a behavior to avoid the unpleasant withdrawal syndrome that results from cessation of exposure to it.
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