精神医学目前是一门医学专科，内容是关于心智及精神疾病的预防、甚至寿命。精神疾患因为容易慢性化及复发，患者常需要长期或终生接受治疗。如何采取有效的治疗，常因不同的患者及情境而有不同的考量。

在中文里，医疗院所中的精神科也可能会被称身心科、身心医学科；然而在德国，身心科与精神科则属于两种不同疾患。而儿童精神科也可能被称儿童心智科或儿童心理科。

精神医学与神经医学从数十年前分开，神经医学处理如中风等脑部疾患，精神医学则治疗心智疾患（mental illness）；随着神经科学进展，这两个研究中枢神经疾病的临床范围于近年互有涵盖。

Psychiatry is the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various abnormalities that are affective, behavioural, cognitive, and ****.

Initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination. Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted. On occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. Mental disorders are often diagnosed in accordance with criteria listed in diagnostic manuals such as the widely used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), edited and used by the World Health Organization. The fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5) was published in 2013, and its development was expected to be of significant interest to many medical fields.