Urinalysis and its sediment may reveal hematuria, pyuria, proteinuria, and cellular casts.

尿液分析及其沉淀物可能显示血尿、脓尿、蛋白尿和细胞管型。

And those are the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome—proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria.

这些是肾病综合征的特征：蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、水肿、高脂血症，以及脂尿。

It is defined by a new onset of hypertension and proteinuria but can affect many organs, particularly the kidneys, eyes, liver, and brain.

其典型表现为新发高血压和蛋白尿，并可累及多器官脏器，其中肾脏、眼、肝脏以及大脑尤甚。

For example, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, which are particularly susceptible, can cause glomerular damage leading to oliguria - very little urine - and proteinuria.

例如，血供不足最易先累及肾脏，可造成肾小球损伤，导致少尿和蛋白尿。

Because there's also a loss of protein from the blood due to the proteinuria, even more fluid moves from the blood vessels into the tissues.

加之由于蛋白尿流失造成的血中蛋白浓度降低，更多液体从血管流入组织间隙。

When damaged, therefore, membrane permeability increases and large molecules are allowed to be filtered into the urine like proteins, called proteinuria, and even red blood cells, called hematuria.

当足突细胞受损时，膜通透性增加，大分子被允许过滤到尿液中：像是蛋白质，造成蛋白尿；甚至是红细胞，造成血尿。

Normally, the glomeruli of the kidneys do a good job of preventing protein from spilling into the urine, so proteinuria can be a sign of glomerular damage and is a classic sign of preeclampsia.

正常情况下，肾小球可有效防止蛋白质进入尿液，所以蛋白尿是肾小球受损的标志，也是子痫前期的典型体征。