洞螈科是有尾目下的一个科，是一类水生的蝾螈，属于两栖类。洞螈科下包括两个属，分别是洞螈属及泥螈属，总共有六个物种。

• 泥螈属
  • 阿拉巴马泥螈 (Necturus alabamensis)
  • 海湾泥螈 (Necturus beyeri)
  • 纽斯河泥螈 (Necturus lewisi)
  • 红河泥螈 (Necturus louisianensis)
  • 斑泥螈 (Necturus maculosus)
  • 小泥螈 (Necturus punctatus)
• 洞螈属
  • 洞螈 (Proteus anguinus)

The family Proteidae is a group of aquatic salamanders found today in the Balkan Peninsula and North America. The range of the genus Necturus runs from southern central Canada, through the midwestern United States, east to North Carolina and south to Georgia and Mississippi. The range of the olm, the only extant member of the genus Proteus, is limited to the Western Balkans.