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单词 Prospect theory
释义

Prospect theory

中文百科

展望理论

Daniel Kahneman, who won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work developing Prospect theory.

展望理论(英文:prospect theory,也作前景理论),是一个行为经济学的理论,为心理学教授丹尼尔·卡内曼和阿摩司·特沃斯基提出的。这个理论的假设之一是,每个人基于初始状况(参考点位置)的不同,对风险会有不同的态度。

此理论是行为经济学的重大成果之一。1970年代,卡内曼和特沃斯基系统地研究这一领域。长久以来,主流经济学都假设每个人作决定时都是「理性」的,然而现实情况并不如此;而展望理论加入了人们对赚蚀、发生机率高低等条件的不对称心理效用,成功解释了许多看来不理性的现象。展望理论对分析在不确定情况下的人为判断和决策方面作出了突出贡献,卡内曼更因此获得2002年的诺贝尔经济学奖。

英语百科

Prospect theory 展望理论

Daniel Kahneman, who won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work developing Prospect theory.
The value function that passes through the reference point is s-shaped and asymmetrical.

Prospect theory is a behavioral economic theory that describes the way people choose between probabilistic alternatives that involve risk, where the probabilities of outcomes are known. The theory states that people make decisions based on the potential value of losses and gains rather than the final outcome, and that people evaluate these losses and gains using certain heuristics. The model is descriptive: it tries to model real-life choices, rather than optimal decisions, as normative models do.

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更新时间:2025/6/21 11:13:59