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单词 Proper velocity
释义

Proper velocity

中文百科

固有速度

固有速度w/c与以下参数的双对数图:劳仑兹因子γ(蓝色)、v/c(青色)、快度η(黄色)。注意到w/c在低速度下与v/c贴合,而在高速度下与γ贴合。红色虚线为γ − 1 (动能K/mc2),而洋红色虚线为相对论性都卜勒因子。
A cruiser drops out of hyperspace...
Unidirectional velocity addition: The proper sum curves up.
Plots of (γ − 1)c2 × mass, versus proper velocity × mass, for a range of mass values along both axes.

相对论中,固有速度英语:Proper velocity,也称作Celerity)是在速度以外可用来测量运动的物理量。相对于一位观察者的速度是每单位时间的距离,其中距离与时间都是由该观察者所测量,即v = dx/dt;相对于该观察者的固有速度,则是观察者测量的距离除以受观察的移动物体所携带的时钟所经过的时间(原时τ),即w = dx/。从固有速度的定义也可看出:固有速度是四维速度的三维空间分量。

在低速度情形下,固有速度与速度相等;然而在高速度的情形(接近光速c),采用固有速度来描述运动现象反而能保有原先牛顿力学中使用速度的数学形式。举例来说,固有速度等于每单位质量下的动量,在任何速率下皆成立,因此没有上限。如同右图所显示,在高速度下,固有速度也与移动物体的能量呈正比。

英语百科

Proper velocity 固有速度

Log-log plot of γ (blue), v/c (cyan), and η (yellow) versus proper velocity w/c (i.e. momentum p/mc).  Note that w/c is tracked by v/c at low speeds and by γ at high speeds. The dashed red curve is γ − 1 (kinetic energy K/mc2), while the dashed magenta curve is the relativistic Doppler factor.
A cruiser drops out of hyperspace...
Unidirectional velocity addition: The proper sum curves up.
Plots of (γ − 1)c2 × mass, versus proper velocity × mass, for a range of mass values along both axes.

In relativity, proper velocity, also known as celerity, is an alternative to velocity for measuring motion. Whereas velocity relative to an observer is distance per unit time where both distance and time are measured by the observer, proper velocity relative to an observer divides observer-measured distance by the time elapsed on the clocks of the traveling object. Proper velocity equals velocity at low speeds. Proper velocity at high speeds, moreover, retains many of the properties that velocity loses in relativity compared with Newtonian theory.

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更新时间:2025/6/21 0:07:05