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单词 Promoter site
释义

Promoter site

中文百科

启动子 Promoter (genetics)

（重定向自Promoter site）

启动子（promoter）是基因的一个组成部分，在遗传学中是指一段能使基因进行转录的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）串行。启动子可以被RNA聚合酶辨认，并开始转录。在核糖核酸（RNA）合成中，启动子可以和决定转录的开始的转录因子产生相互作用，控制基因表达（转录）的起始时间和表达的程度，包含核心启动子区域和调控区域,就像“开关”，决定基因的活动，继而控制细胞开始生产哪一种蛋白质。

启动子本身并无编译功能，但它拥有对基因转译胺基酸的指挥作用，就像一面旗帜，其核心部分是非编码区上游的RNA聚合酶结合位点，指挥聚合酶的合成，这种酶指导RNA的复制合成。因此该段位的启动子发生突变（变异），将对基因的表达有着毁灭性作用。

英语百科

Promoter (genetics) 启动子

（重定向自Promoter site）
1: RNA Polymerase, 2: Repressor, 3: Promoter, 4: Operator, 5: Lactose, 6: lacZ, 7: lacY, 8: lacA. Top: The gene is essentially turned off. There is no lactose to inhibit the repressor, so the repressor binds to the operator, which obstructs the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and making lactase. Bottom: The gene is turned on. Lactose is inhibiting the repressor, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind with the promoter, and express the genes, which synthesize lactase. Eventually, the lactase will digest all of the lactose, until there is none to bind to the repressor. The repressor will then bind to the operator, stopping the manufacture of lactase.
Ten classes of eukaryotic promoters and their representative DNA Patterns. The representative eukaryotic promoter classes are shown in the following sections: (A) AT-based class, (B) CG-based class, (C) ATCG-compact class, (D) ATCG-balanced class, (E) ATCG-middle class, (F) ATCG-less class, (G) AT-less class, (H) CG-spike class, (I) CG-less class and (J) ATspike class.[6]
Superposition between promoter distributions from Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Red color areas represent conserved promoter sequences.[19]
RNA Polymerase sigma 70 binding: The picture shows the region -35 and -10 of the promoter, which are the main regions of interactions with the sigma factor.

In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
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更新时间：2025/11/15 0:01:52