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单词 Programmed obsolescence
释义

Programmed obsolescence

中文百科

计划报废 Planned obsolescence

(重定向自Programmed obsolescence)

计划报废,又称计划性汰旧,是一种工业策略,有意为产品设计有限的使用寿命,令产品在一定时间后寿终正寝,通常是保固期限之后,以避免支出保固成本。另外一种计划报废则是以在一定年限后停供消耗品的方式,纵使产品本身仍良好可用,但因所需消耗品已买不到,也只能报废该商品。通常是没有统一共通规格的消耗品,例如3C产品的锂电池、打印机的墨盒或碳粉等。

计划报废可在长期上替厂商带来好处,因为消费者在产品报废之后若还有继续使用的需求,会再次购买同类的新产品。但却会增加垃圾量,若没有配套措施如资源回收,对环境造成污染。

计划报废的策略在垄断或寡占市场里特别有效。 厂商必须先确认消费者多少有可能购买新产品,才好推出计划报废策略。 在这类的情境下,生产者与消费者之间存在着信息不对等--生产者知道产品的预期寿命,但消费者则不知道。 当市场变得比较多元竞争时,产品可能有较长的寿命。 例如 1960 及 1970 年代日本车进入美国市场时,美国的汽车制造商就被迫必须生产寿命较长的产品才能与之竞争。

英语百科

Planned obsolescence 计划报废

(重定向自Programmed obsolescence)
The 1923 Chevrolet is cited as one of the earliest examples of annual facelifts in the car industry, because it had a restyled body covering what essentially was 9-year-old technology.[5]
Ending the Depression Through Planned Obsolescence, by Bernard London, 1932
One of the complaints about Apple devices, such as the iPhone and iPad, is that they are notoriously hard to repair.[8]
The Marketing writer Philip Kotler argues that much so-called planned obsolescence is in fact the working of the competitive and technological forces in a free society—forces that lead to improving goods and services.

Planned obsolescence or built-in obsolescence in industrial design and economics is a policy of planning or designing a product with an artificially limited useful life, so it will become obsolete, that is, unfashionable or no longer functional after a certain period of time. The rationale behind the strategy is to generate long-term sales volume by reducing the time between repeat purchases (referred to as "shortening the replacement cycle").

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更新时间:2025/6/20 1:25:29