问题导向学习（英文：Problem-based learning），简称PBL，是目前一种新的学习方式，透过简单的生活实例，借由小组讨论、实际解决问题的方式，来达到自主学习的目的。目前许多医学院校的医学教育教改都朝着这个方向来进行。

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject through the experience of solving an open-ended problem. Students learn both thinking strategies and domain knowledge. The PBL format originated from the medical school of thought, and is now used in other schools of thought too. It was developed at the McMaster University Medical School in Canada in the 1960s and has since spread around the world. The goals of PBL are to help students develop flexible knowledge, effective problem solving skills, self-directed learning, effective collaboration skills and intrinsic motivation. Problem-based learning is a style of active learning.