土邦为汉语对英国殖民地时期，南亚和东南亚部分地区，保存的土着王公领地（Princely state）的总称。这种体制多承袭占领以前的封建体制，继续由原王公、君主或其家族沿袭继承。英国占领以后，英国殖民当局和原统治者签署条约，直接受控于英国殖民政府，效忠英王。

土邦为一个政治实体，受控于英国殖民当局。如在印度次大陆，土邦根据其影响力和地位，或直接受英属印度政府控制，或由英属印度诸省省督或行政专员的领导；土邦为地方行政区划单位，在南亚，多数土邦基本与英属印度诸省所辖县地位相同。

土邦在实际情况下受条约的约定，权限各不相同。如一种类型接近完全的君主制，这类土邦在财政和税收、司法有更多的独立权限。有的土邦名义上为君主制，王公没有实际权力或权力被削减，直接在英国的殖民统治之下，仅仅保留有名无实的君主。英属印度时期在印度次大陆土邦最多时达到数百个；印度和巴基斯坦独立以后，土邦并入联邦，其君主失去统治权，部分君主得以保留世袭称号。在印度，中央政府支给土邦君主年金（Privy Purse）以换取土邦并入印度联邦。1971年，印度通过宪法修正案，取消土邦君主的年金，其称号亦被废除（政府声称基于公民平等的理由）。在巴基斯坦，至1972年土邦被完全废除。

A princely state, also called native state (legally, under the British) or Indian state (for those states on the subcontinent), was a nominally sovereign monarchy under a local or regional ruler in a subsidiary alliance with a greater power. Though the history of the princely states of the subcontinent dates from at least the classical period of Indian history, the predominant usage of the term princely state specifically refers to a semi-sovereign principality on the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by a local ruler under a form of indirect rule; similar political entities also existed on or in the region of the Arabian Peninsula, in Africa and in Malaya, and which were similarly recognised under British rule, subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British Crown. Oman, Zanzibar and the Trucial States were also under the British Raj, and were administered in the same manner as the Indian princely states as part of the Persian Gulf Residency; however, they were officially categorised as British protectorates, with differing degrees of autonomy.